Texture Analysis of a Color Image Using Traditional and Circular Gabor Filters

According to computer vision, segmentation is defined as the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments, where multiple segments are sets of pixels, in other words super pixels. Main objective of segmentation is to change and, or simplify the representation of a digital image into something that is much more significant and easier to analyze. Objects and boundaries like lines, curves, etc. in images can be normally located by using image segmentation. More accurately, the process of assigning a tag to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share specific visual characteristics is known as image segmentation. The outcome of image segmentation is a set of surface ( especially of a curving form ) extracted from the image, a set of segments that as a group cover the entire image. In a segment every pixels are similar with regard to computed property or some characteristic, such as intensity, texture, or color. A Gabor filter is a linear filter used for edge detection in image processing which is named after Dennis Gabor. Gabor filter frequency and orientation representations are similar to those of human visual system, for texture representation and discrimination it has been found to be remarkably appropriate. Gabor filter is a powerful tool in texture analysis. Traditional Gabor function ( TGF ) represents a Gaussian function modulated with the help of an oriented complex sinusoidal signal

Assessment of subjective outcomes in women after treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are the most common symptoms in women at all age groups worldwide. Their overall prevalence among women is 67%, and incidence increases with age. To assess the impact of LUTS comprehensively, it is therefore necessary to measure both the level of an individual’s symptoms and the extent to which they impair their life. This is particularly important when making a decision as to whether an individual is likely to require or benefit from treatment, and in evaluating the effectiveness of such treatment. Aim and objectives were to assess the subjective outcomes in women following treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms using King’s health questionnaire (KHQ).Methods: This study was carried out in 106 women presenting with LUTS at Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria from November 2017 to June 2019. KHQ was used to assess subjective outcomes pre-treatment and 3 months post-treatment. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical software namely IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) statistics version 22.Results: There was significant improvement in all the domains of KHQ indicating that patients had a better quality of life (QoL) post treatment. The mean total KHQ score decreased from a maximum of 40.14 at the pre-treatment time point to a minimum of 12.25 at the post treatment time point. This change was statistically significant. 90.6% of the participants had subjective improvement following treatment of LUTS. 9.4% of the participants reported no improvement in quality of life QoL following treatment of LUTS.Conclusions: This study shows the value of KHQ as an evaluation tool to determine the subjective outcome in women following treatment of LUTS. There was significant improvement in all the domains of KHQ between the two time points in our study indicating a better QoL following the treatment given with subjective improvement of 90.6%.

A study on seroprevalence of HIV among women attending obstetric care in a tertiary care hospital of South India with maternal and perinatal outcomes

Background: HIV is prevalent in epidemic proportions in India. Identifying the target population and effective intervention reduces chances of vertical transmission and new infection. Authors studied the seroprevalence of HIV among women attending obstetric care in a tertiary care hospital of South India and associated maternal and perinatal outcomes among seropositive women.Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of all women who were screened for HIV at Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre, Vani Vilas hospital, from January 2014 to December 2017 in their antenatal, intranatal and postnatal period. Demographic data of seropositive women, obstetric outcomes and status of children at 18months were obtained.Results: Of the 35,455 women who were screened, 0.28% were found positive for HIV. Percentage prevalence of HIV was highest in 2014 (0.32%). Majority of the seroprevalence belonged to age group of 25-29 years (44%), 32% illiterates, 82% homemakers and 79% belonged to urban areas. Unknown partner status in 22% and majority were diagnosed in antenatal period (66%). Of them 82% had favourable CD4 count. 74 % of them delivered live baby. Three maternal deaths were observed and anaemia (65%) was the major associated co-morbidity. Vaginal route was common mode of delivery (84%). Thirteen babies required NICU admission and 6 neonates deaths were encountered. Exclusive breastfeeding was practised in 91% of live births. 62% of children were found seronegative at 18 months follow up.Conclusions: Authors observed with adequate treatment to mother and prophylaxis to the baby, the burden of vertical transmission can be significantly reduced

Image Enhancement by Histogram Specification Using Multiple Target Images

Shape and characteristics of the histogram plays a major role in finding the quality of an image. Histogram Specification is an image enhancement technique, where the histogram of the input image is transformed to a pre-specified histogram derived from a high resolution image, called target image. In this paper, the classical histogram specification technique is extended by using a target image which is obtained by fusing multiple high resolution images. A set of Quality Metrics were identified to assess the quality of the output enhanced image. The paper addresses the following issues: a) Effect of varying the number of target images on the quality of the output enhanced image b) Role of using different methods of fusion on the quality of the output enhanced image c) Category of the target image on the quality of the output enhanced image. If the input image is from a forest, whether in order to obtain an enhanced image, all target images has to be selected from the forest category d) Effect of preprocessing of target image on the quality of the output enhanced image

Enhancement of Aerial and Medical Image using Multi resolution pyramid

Image enhancement has been an area of active research for decades. Most of the studies are aimed at improving the quality of image for better visualization. An approach for contrast enhancement utilizing multi-scale analysis is introduced. To show the effects of image enhancement, quantitative measures should be introduced. In this paper, we examine the effect of global and local enhancement using multi resolution pyramids. We identify a set of quality metric parameters for comparative performance analysis and use it to assess the enhanced output image for a number of image enhancement algorithms using pyramid

A Study on Authentication Mechanisms in Bitcoin

Any number of gadgets can be associated with a Wi-Fi remotely. Anybody inside scope of the Wi-Fi can endeavour to get to the system. Due to this, Wi-Fi is progressively powerless against assaults. Consequently, client touchy data is at the danger of being misused. The clients’ security and security can be ensured by unknown verification. When they use the hotspots that are very easy to access to everybody, privacy plays an important role. The existing solutions which will validate the users but do not take the responsibilities of the users or they are always dependent on intermediators. The latest development of or concept of colored coins and coin shuffle can be used to protect the users who are connected to the network without compromising or leaking any information. The bitcoin blockchain is very impressive and robust that will help to manage the user information and also very helpful to determine the possession of the users framework

Sinonasal Synovial Sarcoma Masquerading as A Common Soft Tissue Tumor: A Diagnostic Challenge and Literature Review

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm which amounts to 7-10% of all sarcomas. Clinicopathological heterogeneity within this tumour creates a diagnostic challenge in sorting it out from its differential diagnoses. Here we report a 42-year-old female patient presenting with a mass in the right nasal cavity for two months. With an imaging impression of a right ethmoidal polyp with a remote possibility of malignant etiology, a final diagnosis of sinonasal synovial sarcoma was made with the help of a panel of IHC antibodies. A high degree of suspicion along with a detailed work up is required to accurately diagnose synovial sarcoma in unlikely locations such as nasal cavity. Keywords: Synovial sarcoma, Nasal cavity, TLE­1, BCL2, SOX 1

Stability and Effective Process Control for Secure Email Filtering

A fantastic tool for both commercial and personal communication is electronic mail. It has increasingly become a necessary component of our working life since it is straightforward, available, and simple to use. Spam emails have started to tarnish internet experiences and threaten the integrity of email. Due to the exponential growth of spam, both people and organisations are under a great deal of financial and other strain. In order to prevent the future of email itself from being in jeopardy, a solution to the spam problem must be discovered. There is an urgent need to solve the Email spam issue since spam volume has been rising over the last several decades. As part of this effort, many effects of spam emails on businesses and people were noted and thoroughly examined. In order to properly assess current technologies, solutions, and methods, a comprehensive literature review was conducted throughout the procedures. The goals of this work is to develop new methodologies for the implementation of new strategies for the efficient management of email spam and to construct a proof-of-concept software system for the Process controlled assessment of such strategies

FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF MEMECYLAENE NANOEMULSION

The present study was undertaken to formulate and evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-angiogenic activities of nanoemulsion of Memecylaene.  Memecylaene was isolated from the leaves of Memecylon malabaricum by using various chromatographic methods. An oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion of Memecylaene was formulated by sonication method using sunflower oil (oil phase), Tween 80 (Surfactant) and Ethanol (co-surfactant). The prepared nanoemulsion was characterized for its droplet size, poly dispersity index and zeta potential. Stability studies were performed and the nanoemulsions were subjected to different biological activities. The formulated nanoemulsion had a particle size range of 52.02 nm to 59.47 nm and zeta potential of -1.27 mV. The enhanced activity of Memecylaene, encapsulated in O/W emulsions is evidenced by the inhibition of phospholipase (PLA2) enzyme and H+, K+ -ATPase and thus showing anti-inflammatory and anti-secretagogues effects. The in vitro anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical and Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Further, the inhibition of the growth of neo vessels formation in the in-vivo model system of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, which is angiogenesis dependent, was also observed. The above findings would help in understanding the putative potential of Memecylaene-loaded nanoemulsion as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Anti-angiogenesis, Anti-oxidant, Gastric (H+ K+), Memecylaene, Nanoemulsion, Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)